We found that percentage of CD4+CD45RO+ cells expressing CXCR3, Th1-associated receptor, was significantly higher in hr FDRs compared to lr FDRs, patients with R-T1D in IRS, and healthy controls (64.98 ± 5.19 versus 42.13 ± 11.11 versus 40.19 ± 11.52 versus 53.09 ± 6.29%; resp., hr FDRs versus lr FDRs: P < 0.001; hr FDRs versus R-T1D IRS: P < 0.001; hr FDRs versus healthy controls: P < 0.01) (Figure 3). Here, CXCR3 is linked to type 1 diabetes mellitus.