Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the percentage of the (a) CXCR3+ (Th1 associated) and CCR4+ (Th2 associated) subsets of T memory cells and (b) the level of chemokines IP-10 (Th1 type) and TARC (Th2 type), in nondiabetic FDRs, previously defined in subgroups of high versus low risk FDRs, recent-onset T1D patients (R-T1D), and healthy controls. Here, CCR4 is linked to type 1 diabetes mellitus.