As shown in Table 2, sera from HF patients belonging to the “high CI” endothelial proliferation group showed higher levels of several cytokines/chemokines with respect to patients' samples of the “low CI” endothelial proliferation group, including the angiogenic cytokines VEGF (P < 0.05), IL-8 and MIP-1α (Figure 4(a)). Here, CCL3 is linked to hydrops fetalis.