CTLA4 and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: The present findings provide important information of the future design of immunotherapeutic strategies for HNSCC patients, for example by monoclonal antibodies (anti-PD-1 Ab and anti-CTLA-4 Ab), to reduce the expansion, survival and suppressive function of the Tregs responsible for HNSCC-specific immune suppression – as ever the problem remains effective, specific targeting.