EPO and myocardial ischemia: 2009). Circulating EPCs are also influenced by drugs including angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor, hydroxymethylglutaryl‐CoA reductase inhibitor, peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ, insulin, erythropoietin, granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF). These factors affect mobilization, homing, adhesion, migration, proliferation, and vasculogenesis. Clinically G‐CSF is used by EPC transplantation therapy for myocardial ischemia and hind limb ischemia (Li et al. 2007; Losordo et al. 2007; Kawamoto et al. 2009; Lara‐Hernandez et al. 2010).