Results of transduction experiments with these genetically modified viruses reproduced those obtained with pseudotyped viruses produced by the transfection/superinfection protocol, demonstrating that genomic fiber insertion was successful (Fig. 5B–D): In EphA2-positive pancreatic cancer cells, melanoma cells and endothelial cells, we again observed a dramatic increase in transduction efficiency for YSA-containing viruses compared with receptor-blind control viruses (15-fold to 236-fold). This evidence concerns the gene EPHA2 and pancreatic neoplasm.