In T1D, insulin-secreting pancreatic beta cells are destroyed by autoreactive immune cells [1], [2]._ENREF_1 The most common treatment for T1D is daily injection of insulin; however, this treatment cannot always ensure optimal glucose homeostasis, leading to complications such as blindness, heart disease, limb amputation, and ultimately death [3]. Here, INS is linked to type 1 diabetes mellitus.