Our results also showed that efficiency of its antiarrhythmic effects was very similar with that of classic β-AR blocker propranolol, a non-selective β-blocker, and metoprolol, a selective β1-AR blocker, and that are commonly used to treat a variety of cardiac arrhythmia, including ischemic arrhythmia. This evidence concerns the gene ADRB1 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.