In contrast, HCV antibody seropositivity (OR = 0.50; 95% CI: 0.31, 0.81) and HIV seropositivity (OR 0.67; 95% CI: 0.49, 0.92) were associated with lower odds of vitamin D deficiency as were season of blood draw, multivitamin intake and higher serum albumin. This evidence concerns the gene ALB and vitamin D deficiency.