SMAD2 and neoplasm: [36] Recent studies demonstrated that DACH1 associated with p53 and enhanced p53 function to induce apoptosis and inhibit tumor growth. Further study showed that DACH1 shared occupancy of −15% p53-bound genes in ChIP sequencing. [7], [9] As DACH1 activated TGF-β signaling (Fig. 5A) and induced phosphorylation of smad2/3 (Fig. 5B), a possible explanation is the activation and stabilization of smad2/3 protein complex by DACH1 like p53.