CXCL1 and malaria: Within this functional category, all differentially expressed pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (IL1B, IL6, IL8, IL19, IL24, CCL3, CCL3L1, CCL19, CCL20, CCL22, CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3, and CXCL6) were downregulated in response to iRBC stimulation after the resolution of malaria relative to the iRBC-induced response at baseline (Figure 1D).