After the resolution of febrile malaria we also observed increased expression of genes encoding proteins that limit the inflammatory response including IL18BP, IL1R2, CTLA4, BTLA, SAMHD1 and TNFSF10, as well as decreased expression of genes encoding proteins that promote inflammation including PTGS2 and TREM1. Further studies are needed to more clearly elucidate the signaling networks involved in regulating the immune response to P. falciparum infection and to fully understand the relationships between perturbations to these networks and the variability in malaria clinical outcomes. Here, BTLA is linked to malaria.