Familial PD-linked mutant and wild-type α-synuclein induced αM-integrin activation via NADPH oxidase in microglia.43 Nitrated forms of α-synuclein have been shown to induce neuronal cell toxicity via interaction with α5β1-integrin.44 Integrins also interacted with a synthetic prion peptide; the functional inhibition of α5β1-integrin attenuated the activation of BV2 microglia induced by neurotoxic prion peptide PrP106-126.45 Thus, integrins may have important roles in neurodegenerative diseases through interactions with various disease-linked proteins. This evidence concerns the gene FMO5 and Parkinson disease.