To assess the time course of induction of type I IFN secretion by MVA-infected cDCs, we performed kinetic analysis using GM-CSF-cultured BMDCs (cDCs), which demonstrated that IFN-α and IFN-β proteins were detected by ELISA at 8 h post-infection with MVA and continued to accumulate up to 24 h post-infection (Figure 1B). Here, CSF2 is linked to infection.