Because of these conflicting results, the aim of our current study was to analyze the effect of immunohistochemically detected intratumoral and peritumoral (within tumor stroma) CD8+ CTLs for disease-free survival (DFS) and breast cancer-specific overall survival (OS) in 396 untreated node-negative breast cancer patients who did not receive systemic therapy in the adjuvant setting with long follow-up. The gene discussed is CD8A; the disease is neoplasm.