Western blot analyses of tested liver specimens showed statistically significant upregulation of p27kip1 protein levels in cirrhotic PBC, PSC, and ALD (3.6-fold, 2-fold, and 4.5-fold increase, resp.; P < 0.0001, P < 0.05, and P < 0.005 versus controls, resp). This evidence concerns the gene CDKN1B and primary biliary cholangitis.