UDCA treatment of non-cirrhotic PBC patients did not affect FoxO1 mRNA level but the p27kip1 mRNA levels were significantly lower in UDCA-treated versus UDCA naive non-cirrhotic PBC patients (1.4 ± 0.2 versus 2.3 ± 0.3 UDCA naive; P = 0.036) (Figure 4). Here, CDKN1B is linked to primary biliary cholangitis.