In studies conducted in a river side communities, Portuchuelo (Rondonia State), Rio Pardo (Amazonas state), and Ramal do Granada (Acre) from Brazil, using recombinant proteins of Pv-MSP1, it was identified that preferentially the asymptomatic patients had high antibody titers against N-terminal portion of Pv-MSP1, suggesting that protection to this infection may be associated with the presence of these antibodies. The gene discussed is ATAD1; the disease is infection.