INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus: In this context, biochemically detectable autoantibodies against insulin (IAA), glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA), insulinoma-associated antigen 2 (IA-2A), and Zn-transporter 8 (ZnT8A) as well as their counterpart immunofluorescent anti-islet antibodies (ICA) serve as reliable biomarkers for T1D development.