CCL5 and myocardial infarction: In humans, the gain-of-function polymorphism CCL5-G403A affects basal CCL5 expression levels and is associated with a higher risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) [55, 56], whereas the loss-of-function polymorphism CCR5Δ32 seems to be associated with a lower risk of myocardial infarction [56, 57].