In autoimmune diseases, autoantibodies directed against RNA-binding self-antigens (anti-Ro/SSA and La/SSB), consequently deliver aberrantly exposed extracellular RNA to the endosomal compartment of B cells and pDCs (via the B cell receptor or Fc receptors) and subsequently trigger TLR7 signalling [39]. The gene discussed is TLR7; the disease is autoimmune disease.