Overexpression of AtNPR1 in wheat conferred resistance to fusarium head blight, caused by Fusarium graminearum. The apple MpNPR1 gene confers resistance to two fungal pathogens of apple, Venturia inaequalis and Gymnosporangium juniper-virginianae[106,107] complemented Arabidopsis npr1-1 mutants with soybean homologs GmNPR1-1 and NPR1-2, and PR-1 was induced in the transformed plants after infection with P. syringae and after treatment with the SAR inducer, 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid. Here, TMEM37 is linked to infection.