IL4 and infection: Proinflammatory cytokines help to eradicate infection, remove dead cells and promote tissue repair, such as tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukins 1, 2, 6 and 8 (IL-1, IL-2, IL-6 and IL-8) and interferon-γ., which triggers the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukins 4, 10, 11 and 13 (IL-4, IL-10, IL-11 and IL-13), soluble TNF-α and IL-1ra.