Wu et al. [45] found expression of ALDH2, retinoic acid-metabolizing enzymes, during mouse postnatal testis development. CULLIN3 is a KLHL10-interacting protein preferentially expressed during late spermatogenesis [46]. TSPYL1 is expressed by spermatogonia and mutations have been associated with disorder of male sex development and infertility [47]. Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) has been associated with the formation of germ cells from embryonic stem cells in cultures with high glucose concentrations [48]. Here, TSPYL1 is linked to Infertility.