TSC1 and hereditary disease: The cytological similarities between Type II FCD and tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), a genetic disorder due to mutations in the TSC1 or TSC2 gene, and evidence of abnormal activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling cascade, have led to the hypothesis that this pathway is involved in the pathogenesis of DNs and BCs[7,9,10], the origin of which is still debated.