In an EMT-related process termed endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT), tumor-derived signals stimulate trans-differentiation of endothelial cells to adopt a CAF-like phenotype, characterized by expression of fibroblast marker (α-SMA, FSP-1) and the endothelial marker CD31 (36). The gene discussed is S100A4; the disease is neoplasm.