PTGS2 and neoplasm: The microenvironment of tumours are typically rich in proinflammatory mediators, such as Tumour Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α, Interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-8, cyclooxygenases-2 (COX-2), and inducible nitrogen synthesis (iNOS) which are essential components of the tumour initiation and promotion [11, 12].