In a similar study [158] comparing already diagnosed RA patients of less than 6-month symptom duration with established AS and PsA, a multiplex biomarker platform (combining cytokines, bone turnover markers, metalloproteinases, inflammatory markers, and several citrullinated epitopes) established a signature again including cytokines such as TNF-alpha, IL-1alpha and beta, IL-6, IL-12p40, IL-15, IL-17, GM-CSF, and eotaxin. The gene discussed is CSF2; the disease is rheumatoid arthritis.