In individuals who donated serum samples and later developed RA, a multiplex study showed significant increased levels of cytokines related to T cell activation (IL-2, IL-6), inflammation (IL-1beta, IL-1RA, and TNF-alpha), Th1 (IL-12 and IFN-gamma), Th2 (IL-4, IL-13, and eotaxin), and immune regulation (IL-10), while chemokines, stromal cell-derived cytokines, and angiogenic-related markers were elevated in patients after the development of RA rather than in individuals before the onset of RA [219]. Here, TNF is linked to rheumatoid arthritis.