Mutation-targeted BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi) such as vemurafenib (PLX4032) and dabrafenib (GSK2118436) represent a landmark development in the treatment of advanced stage BRAFV600E/K-mutant metastatic melanoma, with objective response rates of approximately 50%, and in phase III trials, a significant improvement in progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) compared with dacarbazine chemotherapy [10]–[14]. The gene discussed is BRAF; the disease is metastatic melanoma.