Increased levels of IL-4, G-CSF, and GM-CSF were observed in bladder tumors from Rip2-deficient compared to wild-type mice, while no differences were detected in IFNγ and M-CSF expression, consistent with a tumor microenvironment fostering development of the tumor associated MDSCs (Fig 4C). Here, CSF3 is linked to urinary bladder neoplasm.