VEGFA and cancer: Angiogenesis is coordinated directly and indirectly by cancer cells using a variety of signaling molecules, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), angiopoietins, fibroblastic growth factors (FGFs), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factors (TGF and -), and thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), among others.