Because up-regulation of the JNK/AP-1 signaling pathway was shown to have a direct role in the induction of apoptosis induced by BBMD3 in human osteosarcoma cells [18], this signaling pathway was anticipated to play an important role in the apoptotic process induced by BBMD3 in GBM stem-like cells. The gene discussed is MAPK8; the disease is osteosarcoma.