TP53 and malignant glioma: First, malignant gliomas are characterized by activation of growth factor receptor/PI3 kinase/Akt signaling (2) leading to increased reliance on glycolysis (3) and by loss of p53 wild-type activity which can result in reduced expression of synthesis of cytochrome C oxidase 2 (SCO2), necessary for the proper assembly and function of the mitochondrial respiratory chain (4,5), and of tp53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regular (TIGAR), which suppresses glycolysis (6,7).