IGFBP1 and type 1 diabetes mellitus: In patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D), insulinopenia in the portal circulation leads to alterations of the growth hormone - insulin-like growth factor I - insulin-like growth factor binding protein (GH - IGF-I - IGFBP) axis [1], including GH hypersecretion, reduced circulating levels of IGF-I and IGFBP-3, and elevated levels of IGFBP-1 and -2 [2-4].