MAPK3 and malignant colon neoplasm: Active lipids of Ganoderma lucidum spores are able to enhance apoptosis in THP-1 cells through inhibition of ERK1/2 and Akt and activation of JNK1/2 signaling pathways [32], whereas triterpenes from Ganoderma lucidum induce autophagy in colon cancer through the inhibition of P38 MAPK [37].