While Stat3 activation restrains anti-tumor immune responses by antagonizing Stat1-mediated expression of anti-tumor cytokines such as IFNγ and IL-1 (131, 132), NF-κb activation plays a dual role: it is crucial for inducing oncogenic inflammatory conditions, but also for generating anti-tumor responses [reviewed in Ref. Here, NFKB1 is linked to neoplasm.