When the subcellular localization of live cpsII parasites was examined, it was apparent that these parasites did not colocalize with either Irgb6 or LAMP-1 in IFN-γ-activated or untreated macrophages, at any time point examined (ranging from 3 hours post-infection to 5 days post-infection) (Figure 2a–b). This evidence concerns the gene LAMP1 and infection.