INS and Hyperinsulinemia: Our data are compatible with the hypothesis proposed by Pedersen et al. [25] indicating that fetal hyperinsulinemia is an adaptive process resulting from elevated maternal glucose levels [6], and that fetal insulin is associated with neonatal fat mass and growth due to the role of insulin in adipogenesis and stimulation of insulin-like-growth factor 1 (IGF-1) production [6,26].