We recently reported the induction of apoptotic cell death and cell proliferation in the aortas of DM mice [5], next study was to examine the effect of C66 and JNKi on the cell death and proliferation by TUNEL staining (Fig.3A) and PCNA immunohistochemical staining (Fig.3B), which showed significant increases in apoptotic cell death and proliferation in the aortas of DM mice, but not in the aortas of C66-DM or JNKi-DM mice. Here, PCNA is linked to diabetes mellitus.