MAPK8 and diabetes mellitus: In addition, we previously found that C66's renal protection from diabetes was accompanied by a significant inhibition of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) 22; therefore, here some of diabetic mice and age-matched control mice were also treated with JNK inhibitor (JNKi, sp600125) for 3 months, to determine whether inhibition of JNK can result in a same protection as C66 against diabetes-induced aortic pathogenesis.