As activation of JNK has been suggested as possible mechanism for C66 to protect the kidney from diabetes [22] and Figure1 also showed a same preventive effect of JNK inhibition on diabetes-induced pathological changes of aortas as C66, next we examined whether diabetes activates JNK by immunofluorescent staining for JNK phosphorylation (Fig.2A and B) and RT-qPCR for JNK mRNA expression (Fig.2C). Here, MAPK8 is linked to diabetes mellitus.