Morikawa et al. [125] randomized 254 patients with CKD who were undergoing coronary angiography to receive either ANP intravenous infusion at a rate of 0.042 μg/kg/min or intravenous ringer solution alone at a rate of 1.3 mL/kg/h before and after the administration of contrast media. This evidence concerns the gene NPPA and chronic kidney disease.