Because one of the downstream targets of NFκB is the transcription factor Egr1, which is essential for hepatocyte proliferation in the regenerative response to partial hepatectomy (Liao et al., 2004), we believe that NFκB activation is important in the effect of ATZ accumulation on liver cell proliferation and carcinogenesis in ATD (Hidvegi et al., 2007). The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is Jeune syndrome.