Transgenic mice over-expressing IL1RA in the brain have been shown to have impairments in the formation of long-term hippocampal-dependent memory [100], [101], and IL1RA protein aggregates have been identified in Alzheimer's disease plaques and tangles, and in the temporal cortex of patients with frontotemporal lobe dementia [102]. Here, IL1RN is linked to early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.