In specific, adherence to the MD has been consistently associated with decreased biomarkers of subclinical inflammation [57,58] and increased levels of adiponectin, both in healthy individuals [59] and T2DM patients [60]; data regarding adiponectin are of great importance, since increased levels of this metabolically active anti-inflammatory cytokine have been inversely associated with T2DM risk [61]. The gene discussed is ADIPOQ; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.