NOD2 and Blau syndrome: In 2001, Miceli-Richard et al. identified the gene that confers susceptibility for Blau syndrome, discovering three mis-sense mutations (R334Q, R334W and L469F) in the region encoding the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD) of the caspase recruitment domain gene (CARD15/NOD2) in four French and German affected families[2].