CD4 and HIV infectious disease: The high fatality we observed among these hospitalized patients and the factors associated with in-hospital mortality have already been described in other African settings [21,33] and may be the consequence of several parameters: the late diagnosis of HIV infection (during hospitalization or less than six months before in the majority of patients in our study) [34] associated with a low CD4 count [35]; the severity of diseases at hospital entry that may be due in part to late presentation; and finally the limited means available for intensive care.