Conversely, Botta et al. proposed that autophagy acts as a cell survival response: despite observing the activation of autophagy in glioma cells infected with dl922-947, a replication competent oncolytic Ad with a 24-bp deletion in E1a conserved region-2, they found that, paradoxically, the main negative regulator of autophagy (the Akt/mTOR/p70s6k pathway) was activated and the positive regulator (the ERK1/2 pathway) was inhibited during Ad viral infection [36]. The gene discussed is DHTKD1; the disease is glioma.