The Insulin and IGF1 pathways are amongst the pathways most commonly associated with the 3-M interactome (Table 3) and we have previously demonstrated that 3-M syndrome patients show defective phosphorylation of AKT and MAPK upon growth factor stimulation and clinically there is a suggestion that 3-M patients have a degree of GH and/or IGF1 resistance (Hanson et al. 2012). Here, INS is linked to 3-M syndrome.