Oncogenic properties of cIAPs were demonstrated in mouse hepatocarcinoma [114], osteosarcoma [115], and mammary carcinoma [116] which all carry recurrent amplification at the mouse chromosome 9qA1 containing cIAP1 (birc2), cIAP2 (birc3) and Yap1 genes. This evidence concerns the gene BIRC2 and breast carcinoma.