AGT and congestive heart failure: In the present study, we found that IMD and Ang II in the PVN were increased in CHF rats; IMD in the PVN inhibited SNA and attenuated the CSAR, and blockade of AM receptors in the PVN partially prevented its effect; PVN IMD decreased superoxide anions and attenuated the effects of Ang II on CSAR and superoxide anions level in the PVN in CHF rats.