A group of 119 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC, 63.45 ± 12.59 year, 26–80) and another of 103 non-HCC controls (56 ± 10.82 year, 22–79) were enrolled to investigate association between MDM2 polymorphisms and susceptibility to develop HCC. This evidence concerns the gene MDM2 and hepatocellular carcinoma.