The dysregulation of many molecules and genes has been implicated in PCa; some of these molecules (e.g., NKX3.1, FOXA1, and Myc) seem to be relevant for cancer initiation because their expression is altered during the early stages; other pathways (TMPRSS2-ERG and RB) seem to be involved in the transition from PCa to CRPC. The gene discussed is TMPRSS2; the disease is posterior cortical atrophy.