Similar to previous reports, KSHV rapidly induced phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 and IkBα within 20 minutes of infection (Figures 6(a) and 6(b)), an effect that correlated with changes in expression of the NF-κB-controlled intracellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) [52]. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and infection.