In addition, the establishment of AML cells in the bone marrow of NSG mice could be prevented by CD33-specific ECAR modified T lymphocytes (Fig. 6c). In contrast to the control groups none of the mice of the treatment group developed tumors at the injection site (Fig. S1d) and bone marrow chimerism for human CD45+CD33+ double positive cells was below 1% in all treated animals, whereas in the control groups chimerism exceeded on average 15% of total bone marrow cellularity (Fig. 6c). The gene discussed is CD33; the disease is acute myeloid leukemia.